How can the medical record be used as an effective tool for patient and clinician communication?

“Electronic medical records comprise management of patients’ care, the clinical data repository, order entry and clinical decision suppor. EMRs can contain various components, including patient portals, secure messaging, and computerized physician order entry.”  “Clear communication is important to ensure safe and effective patient care in hospital settings. The adoption of EMRs in hospitals affects the ways in which health professionals communicate with patients and families.”

Manias, E.,et al E. (2020). Patient and family engagement in communicating with electronic medical records in hospitals: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics., 134, 104036.
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What factors increase successful dental care of ventilated patients?

Dental plaque colonization may be exacerbated in the absence of adequate oral hygiene care in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Dental care is made more difficult due to the presence of the endotracheal tube, which may create:

  • mechanical injury of the mouth or respiratory tract
  • increased likelihood of dry mouth[1]

Using visual research and interviews, oral access and delivery of care for mechanically ventilated patients was analyzed, resulting in the following recommendations.

Recommendations to improve oral access and care delivery.

Dale CM, Angus JE, Sutherland S, Dev S, Rose L. Exploration of difficulty accessing the mouths of intubated and mechanically ventilated adults for oral care: A video and photographic elicitation study. J Clin Nurs. 2020 Jun;29(11-12):1920-1932. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15014. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31342565.
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What methods can minimize distractions during medication preparation in the acute care hospital setting?

A QI initiative aimed at reducing the number of interruptions and distractions experienced by nurses during the medication administration process examined the effects of:

  • introduction of a medication administration room
  • standardization of the medication administration process

These changes in practice had significant impact, resulting in “an 88.5% reduction in distractions and interruptions.[1]”

Number of distractions or interruptions per source pre- and postimplementation of practice change.

Kavanagh A, Donnelly J. A Lean Approach to Improve Medication Administration Safety by Reducing Distractions and Interruptions. J Nurs Care Qual. 2020 Oct/Dec;35(4):E58-E62. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000473. PMID: 32079961.
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What strategies can reduce alarm fatigue and false alarms in intensive care units?

“Alarms are specifically designed to cause cognitive distress and capture the attention of clinicians’ caring for multiple patients to a change warranting clinician awareness, closer assessment, and supportive intervention. In the current monitor paradigm with existing widely distributed technology, clinicians must interrupt a task when an alarm activates, identify the patient and device alarming, determine if it is actionable or non-actionable, and the type of action required. Alarm fatigue occurs when non-actionable alarms are in the majority, and clinicians develop decreased reactivity, causing them to “tune out” or ignore the alarms.”

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What are practices for providing hospice care for neonates?

“Physicians have a moral duty to maintain a therapeutic relationship with their patients in order to sustain a sense of moral community. We submit it is ethically appropriate to allow a mother to retain the informed choice whether to resuscitate her periviable child immediately upon birth when, in conjunction with the physician, the determination of what is in the best interest of the baby is unclear (zone of ambiguity). If she elects the option of no resuscitation, this delivery room hospice approach provides a commonly justified alternative at older ages to standard neonatal‘comfort care’ measures in association with a painless death for her child. If delivery is imminent and aborting in the clinical setting is not a desirable option, we should consider respecting maternal autonomy, by allowing a vaginal delivery with the promise of offering opioids to assuage the dying process in a patient at high risk for lifelong handicap as with any other hospice condition.”

Garbi, Lyndsey R, Shah, Shetal, & La Gamma, Edmund F. (2016). Delivery room hospice. Acta Pædiatrica., 105(11), 1261-1265.
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Prevention of surgical site infections (Updated)

“The morbidity for 2018 in the US was 157,500 for surgical site infections (SSI), with an estimated mortality of 8,205. 11% of all deaths in intensive care units were associated with SSI. It is a burden for the patient with an additional 11 days of hospitalization for each SSI and a burden to the system with an overall cost of $3.2 billion per year.”1

A collection of 50 PubMed citations has been compiled related to prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). This material is an update to a 2018 post.

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What is health equity and how can it be achieved?

“Understanding the drivers of differences in outcomes requires understanding social determinants of health.These determinants include economic stability (such as a living wage, adequate housing, and transportation)literacy including numerical and cultural literacy,adequate access to healthy food, social support, and finally access to care.”
Carlos, Ruth C, and Efren J Flores. “Health Equity.” Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR. 16.4 Pt B (2019): 539-41. Print.
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