Obstetric violence is considered a violation of the rights to equality, non-discrimination, information, integrity, health, and reproductive autonomy of women. It occurs in both public and private medical practice during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum care. There is a growing global commitment to address this challenge, that has been supported by policy statements from the World Health Organization (WHO). Medicalization and pathologizing abuse of natural birth processes have been identified as obstetric violence patterns. Indigenous women and women who live in rural areas are particularly vulnerable to this kind of abuse. A new instrument called EPREVO has been developed to measure obstetric violence in Ecuador and the objective of this work is to validate its reliability and structural dimensionality.

Fors, M., Falcon, K., Brandão, T., Vaca, A., Cañadas, S., & Viada González, C. E. (2021). Reliability and Dimensionality of EPREVO (“Experiencias de Parto Relacionadas a Violencia Obstétrica”): Development of a New Instrument, Ecuador. International journal of women’s health, 13, 569–577.