Arsenic is a carcinogenic environmental factor found in food and drinking water around the world. The mechanisms in which arsenic alters homeostasis are not fully understood. Over the past few decades, light has been shed on varying mechanisms in which arsenic induces cancer. Such mechanisms include gut microbe perturbations, genotoxic effects, and pigenetic modification. Increase in inflammation is the major factor in cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Choiniere, J., & Wang, L. (2016). Exposure to inorganic arsenic can lead to gut microbe perturbations and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 6(5), 426–429.