Wilcox: Therapy in Nephrology & Hypertension, 3rd ed.
Copyright © 2008 Saunders, An Imprint of Elsevier
PART V – Nephrolithiasis
Chapter 35 – Evaluation and Management of Kidney Stone Disease
Eric N. Taylor, Gary C. Curhan
Symptomatic nephrolithiasis classically presents with sudden unilateral flank pain. The pain is caused by the passage of a kidney stone from the renal pelvis to the ureter and is due to ureteral spasm. The pain is often severe and can cause nausea and vomiting. The location of the pain depends on the location of the stone; a stone in the upper ureter may cause pain to radiate anteriorly to the abdomen, and a stone in the lower ureter can cause pain to radiate to the ipsilateral testicle in men or to the ipsilateral labium in women.
Cunningham et al.: Williams Obstetrics, 24th ed.
Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 53. Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders
“There is some evidence that pregnant women may have fewer symptoms with stone passage because of urinary tract dilatation (Hendricks, 1991; Tan, 2013). That said, more than 90 percent of pregnant women with nephrolithiasis present with pain. Gross hematuria is less common than in nonpregnant women and was reported to be a presenting symptom in 23 percent of women described by Butler and associates (2000). In another study, however, Lewis and coworkers (2003) found that only 2 percent had hematuria.”
Reviewed and updated 4/24/2014 ldt
Evidence Matters 