What are the most recent guidelines supporting noninvasive positive pressure?

A search of Joanna Briggs, CINAHL and PubMed for the concept of Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and guidelines produced the following articles.

Yifan Xue MBBS MPH, Endotracheal tube: Extubation General Medicine, Infection Control, Surgical Services 18/04/2011

Sinuff T ; Keenan SP Clinical practice guideline for the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in COPD patients with acute respiratory failure. Journal of Critical Care, 2004 Jun; 19(2): 82-91

Sinuff T ; Cook DJ ; Randall J ; Allen CJ. Evaluation of a practice guideline for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure. CHEST, 2003 Jun; 123(6): 2062-73

Keenan, Sean, Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting. Canadian Medical Association. Journal; CMAJ 2011 vol:183 iss:3 pg:E195 -E214

Bersten, Andrew, Best practices for noninvasive ventilation. Canadian Medical Association. Journal; CMAJ 2011 vol:183 iss:3 pg:293 -294

Hess, Dean, How to initiate a noninvasive ventilation program: bringing the evidence to the bedside. Respiratory care 2009 vol:54 iss:2 pg:232 -43

Reviewed JKN 4/14

Are there studies demonstrating it to be safe for children visiting adults in the ICU in terms of spreading infections?

Searches were conducted in PubMed & CINAHL on the concepts of children, infection, and ICU. The following guidelines, surveys, policies, and other articles all discuss children visiting and the spread of infection

Vint, Pauline, Children visiting adults in ITU-what support is available? A descriptive survey. Nursing in critical care 2005 vol:10 iss:2 pg:64 -71

Knutsson, Susanne E M, Visits of children to patients being cared for in adult ICUs: policies, guidelines and recommendations. Intensive and critical care nursing 2004 vol:20 iss:5 pg:264 -274

Johnstone, M Children visiting members of their family receiving treatment in ICUs: a literature review. Intensive and critical care nursing 1994 vol:10 iss:4 pg:289 -292

Ward, D, Practical tips from clinical nurses: opinions about children visiting. Dimensions of critical care nursing 1994 vol:13 iss:3 pg:155 -156

Spreen, Afien, Visiting policies in the adult intensive care units: a complete survey of Dutch ICUs. Intensive and critical care nursing 2011 vol:27 iss:1 pg:27 -30

Anzoletti, Antonio. Access to intensive care units: a survey in North-East Italy. Intensive and critical care nursing 2008 vol:24 iss:6 pg:366 -374

Falk, Jane, Using an evidence-based practice process to change child visitation guidelines. Clinical journal of oncology nursing 2012 vol:16 iss:1 pg:21 -23

Malacarne, Paolo Health care-associated infections and visiting policy in an intensive care unit. American journal of infection control 2011 vol:39 iss:10 pg:898 -900

Reviewed JKN 4/14

What is the evidence regarding time out prior to invasive procedures?

Below are links to 2 PubMed searches on the concepts of time outs and invasive procedures. There may be some overlap in results, however together they cover a range of studies, guidelines and reports on time outs.

Click the links to run the searches:

“medical errors/prevention and control”[mesh] AND (“time out” OR “time outs”)

protocol wrong site procedure prevention

Does screening inpatients for delirium affect hospital length of stay?

Bottom line:  There are no published experimental studies evaluating the effect of screening inpatients for delirium on the hospital length of stay.

Summary:
Length of stay:  A search of Joanna Briggs and of PubMed and CINAHL using combinations of these concepts–delirium, inpatients, screening, length of stay, outcomes–did not identify any studies of the impact of screening for delirium on length of stay.  There were observational studies documenting that delirium in the hospital is associated with increased length of stay.  See Han (2011), Saravay (2004) and reviews in the PubMed search.  None of these report on effect of screening on length of stay.
Delirium Screening and Assessment.  In:  Joanna Briggs JBIConnect
PubMed:  delirium[mesh] AND (inpatients OR hospitalized patients) AND screening AND length of stay

Clinical outcomes:  None of the papers identifed in the searches describe studies assessing effect of screening for delirium on other clinical outcomes, such as mortality or readmission.  Again, there are observational studies documenting the effect of delirium on these outcomes, i.e., Uthamalingam (2011), Gonzalez (2009) in the search below.
PubMed:  (“delirium/diagnosis”[mesh] OR “delirium/prevention and control”[mesh]) AND (inpatients OR hospitalized patients) AND screening AND (outcomes OR mortality OR readmission)

What are the guidelines and safeguards for administering IV Haloperidol for treatment of delirium?

Search of CINAHL and PubMed on the concepts of holoperidol administration and dementia produced the following studies and reviews.

Mac Sweeney, R A national survey of the management of delirium in UK intensive care units. QJM 2010 vol:103 iss:4 pg:243 -251

Girard, Timothy Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Critical care medicine 2010 vol:38 iss:2 pg:428 -437

Balas, Michele, Free your MIND and the rest will follow: decoding delirium in the intensive care unit.
Critical care medicine 2010 vol:38 iss:2 pg:697 -698

Joffe, Aaron Why all the confusion about confusion? Critical care medicine 2010 vol:38 iss:2 pg:695 -696

van den Boogaard, Mark Implementation of a delirium assessment tool in the ICU can influence haloperidol use.
Critical care 2009 vol:13 iss:4 pg:R131 -R131

Page, Valerie, Tackling agitated delirium–the tip of the iceberg. Critical care 2009 vol:13 iss:3 pg:158 -158

Reade, Michael, Dexmedetomidine vs. haloperidol in delirious, agitated, intubated patients: a randomised open-label trial. Critical care 2009 vol:13 iss:3 pg:R75 -R75

Campbell, Noll Pharmacological management of delirium in hospitalized adults–a systematic evidence review.
Journal of general internal medicine 2009 vol:24 iss:7 pg:848 -853

Caplan, Jason, Haloperidol and delirium: management or treatment? Critical care medicine 2009 vol:37 iss:1 pg:354 -355

Gagnon, Pierre Treatment of delirium in supportive and palliative care. Current opinion in supportive and palliative care 2008 vol:2 iss:1 pg:60 -66

What is the evidence on the risks of transporting patients within the hospital during shift change?

Intra-hospital transport: clinician information. In: JBI+Connect
Includes some useful references discussing factors associated with risk and safety.

PubMed
(“Patient Transfer”[MAJR]) AND shift AND (risk OR error* OR incident* OR safety)

Pezzolesi (2010) looks to be the most relevant. It discusses percentage of incidents that occurred during shift change.

CINAHL
(MH “Transfer, Intrahospital”) AND shift AND (risk OR incident* OR error* OR safety)

DId not see any studies specifically examining shift change and transport problems, but there are several articles discussing patient safety in the transport process. Those articles may reference other evidence.