PubMed search for falls AND (inpatients OR hospitalization) AND ((drugs AND adverse effects) OR diuretics OR cardiac OR cardiovascular OR heart)

Risk
Several papers report on risk of falling associated with these conditions.
These look at conditions, including cardiac, associated with falls: Belita (2013), Forrest (2012), de Carle (2001), Tutuarima (1997)
These studies report on association of drugs: Williams (2014), de Groot (2013), Butt (2013), Payne (2010), Shuto (2010),  Tanaka (2008), Gales (1995).

Prevention
Belita (2013) describes a project that focused on cardiac-related falls and injuries. Forrest (2012) addresses prevention of falls in patients on a rehabilitation unit, including those with cardiac admission diagnosis.

Williams, Tamara, Marilyn Szekendi, and StephenThomas. “An analysis of patient falls and fall prevention programs across academic medical centers.” Journal of nursing care quality 29.1 (2014):19-29.

de Groot, Maartje, JP van Campen, MA Moek, et al. “The effects of fall-risk-increasing drugs on postural control: a literature review.” Drugs & aging 30.11 (2013):901-920.

Butt, D A, et al. “The risk of falls on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in the elderly.” Osteoporosis international 24.10 (2013):2649-2657.

Belita, Lydia, P Ford, and H Kirkpatrick. “The development of an assessment and intervention falls guide for older hospitalized adults with cardiac conditions.” European journal of cardiovascular nursing 12.3 (2013):302-309.

Payne, Rupert A, et al. “Association between prescribing of cardiovascular and psychotropic medications and hospital admission for falls or fractures.” Drugs & aging 30.4 (2013):247-254.

Forrest, George, “Falls on an inpatient rehabilitation unit: risk assessment and prevention.” Rehabilitation nursing 37.2 (2012):56-61.

Shuto, Hideki, et al. “Medication use as a risk factor for inpatient falls in an acute care hospital: a case-crossover study.” British journal of clinical pharmacology 69.5 (2010):535-542.

Tanaka, Mamoru, et al. “Relationship between the risk of falling and drugs in an academic hospital.” Yakugaku zasshiŒ 128.9 (2008):1355-1361.

de Carle, A J, and R Kohn. “Risk factors for falling in a psychogeriatric unit.” International journal of geriatric psychiatry 16.8 (2001):762-767.

Tutuarima, J A, et al. “Risk factors for falls of hospitalized stroke patients.” Stroke 28.2 (1997):297-301.

Gales B J, and S M Menard. “Relationship between the administration of selected medications and falls in hospitalized elderly patients.” The annals of pharmacotherapy 29.4 (1995):354-358.

Reviewed and updated 4/7/2014 ldt

Bottom line:  In hospitals, multifaceted interventions may be associated with reduced incidence of falls, but evidence in this Cochrane review was inconclusive.  In care facilities, vitamin D supplementation is effective; exercise may be effective but studies have conflicting results; and multifaceted prevention programs may be beneficial but results are inconclusive.  In subacute hospitals, exercise is associated with a reduction in falls.

Details: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD005465. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005465.pub3. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cameron ID, et al.

Systematic review of 60 randomized controlled trials, N=60,345 (17 in hospitals  29,972 participants.)  Beginning on page 107, the review presents analysis of evidence in the following intervention categories:  vitamin D, exercise, medication review by pharmacist, environmental interventions, social interventions, other single interventions, multiple interventions, and multifactorial intervention programs.  Analysis of data pertaining to hospitals begins at Analysis 12.1 (p. 132.)

Updated 3/1/13