“While CSTDs are an important tool to reduce exposure to hazardous drugs, CSTD performance and design should be considered within the context of the varying tasks, users, and environments where they are used.”

Kulju, S., et al. (2020). Assessment of unintended volume loss of six closed system transfer devices. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 26(5)
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Forshay, C. M., Streeter, S. O., Salch, S. A., & Eckel, S. F. (2019). Application of the 2015 proposed NIOSH vapor containment performance protocol for closed system transfer devices used during pharmacy compounding and administration of hazardous drugs. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 25(5), 1160–1166
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Alavattam Sreedhara, Camellia Zamiri, Sumit Goswami, Sarah Weiser, Michael Cram, Twinkle R. Christian, Bharat Jagannathan,
Challenges of Using Closed System Transfer Devices With Biological Drug Products: An Industry Perspective, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 109, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 22-29
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Fazel SS, Keefe A, Shareef A, et al. Barriers and facilitators for the safe handling of antineoplastic drugs. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. October 2021.
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Whitehorn, Ashley & Ortega-Arroyo, Arturo. CYTOTOXIC AGENTS: SAFE HANDLING AND ADMINISTRATION. (2021) Available through Joanna Briggs Institute