Arsenic is a carcinogenic environmental factor found in food and drinking water around the world. The mechanisms in which arsenic alters homeostasis are not fully understood. Over the past few decades, light has been shed on varying mechanisms in which arsenic induces cancer. Such mechanisms include gut microbe perturbations, genotoxic effects, and pigenetic modification. Increase in inflammation is the major factor in cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Choiniere, J., & Wang, L. (2016). Exposure to inorganic arsenic can lead to gut microbe perturbations and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 6(5), 426–429.

Yu, J., Liu, S., Chen, L., & Wu, B. (2021515). Combined effects of arsenic and palmitic acid on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The Science of the Total Environment, 769, 144849.
Full Text for Emory Users

Li, Junjie, Xue, Junchao, et al. (2021). MicroRNA-15b in extracellular vesicles from arsenite-treated macrophages promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinomas by blocking the LATS1-mediated Hippo pathway. Cancer Letters., 497, 137-153.
Full Text for Emory Users

Barsouk, A., Thandra, K. C., et al (2021). Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update. Hepatic medicine : evidence and research, 12, 179–188.

Elia, A., Magara, G., et al Abete. (2018). A comparative study on subacute toxicity of arsenic trioxide and dimethylarsinic acid on antioxidant status in Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK), human hepatocellular carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5), and epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell lines. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health., 81(10), 333-348.
Full Text for Emory Users

Ledda, C., Loreto, C., et al. (2017). Non‑infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review (Review). Molecular medicine reports, 15(2), 511–533.

Rapisarda, V., Loreto, C.,, G. (2016). Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure. World journal of hepatology, 8(13), 573–590.