Rupp, Mark E, et al. “Adequate disinfection of a split-septum needleless intravascular connector with a 5-second alcohol scrub.” Infection control and hospital epidemiology 33.7 (2012):661-665.
This is a prospective observational clinical survey and laboratory assessment of disinfection procedures.

Aly, Hany, et al. “Is bloodstream infection preventable among premature infants? A tale of two cities.” Pediatrics 115.6 (2005):1513-1518.
Described the protocol for maintaining a closed medication system.